Radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Possibilities of modern radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (prostate cancer) is now considered one of the most important medical problems among the male population. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, this pathology is one of the first places among cancer incidence in men. Radical prostatectomy (RPE) is a priority treatment method for localized forms of prostate cancer. However, unfortunately, not all patients can be surgically treated for medical reasons.

To date, the national Institute of health of the United States and the European Association of oncourologists have established a consensus: radiation therapy gives the same duration of survival as surgical treatment. In addition, the quality of life is comparable, and sometimes better, than after surgical treatment.

The first reports of the use of ionizing radiation in patients with RP or its relapse appeared in the late 80’s-early 90’s of the XIX century. However, irradiation technologies did not allow for a long time to bring sufficiently high doses to the tumor without the risk of complications in healthy tissues. The improvement of treatment machines and the introduction of software over the past few decades have significantly expanded the possibilities of radiation therapy.

Under the supervision of the Director of the national cancer center Hillaryhave Myrzagalieva of Nigmatovich a little more than a year ago, the opening and presentation of the new machine for radiotherapy, the linear accelerator Elekta Infinity, UK. This is the first modern accelerator in the Republic that has unique technical parameters and the ability to perform modern high-precision technologies: radiation therapy with beam intensity modulation, volume-modulated radiation therapy, and image-controlled radiation therapy.

Due to the high professionalism of Professor oncourology Hillaryhave M. N., the Department of Radiotherapy has implemented a new method of radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer, which is the “gold standard” in radiation therapy leading clinics of the world. The principle of treatment is as follows: anatomical information obtained by scanning the patient in the position of subsequent irradiation is transmitted to the 3-dimensional planning program, which allows you to visualize both the clinical volume of irradiation and healthy organs and tissues that require protection. Using special software, the medical physicist modulates the radiation dose, bringing it as close as possible to the tumor. During irradiation, the multi-petal collimator continuously corrects the contours of the irradiation field, which allows modulating the dose in the irradiation field and obtaining concave isodose curves, limiting the high dose in the rectum area. This type of treatment is performed under constant visual control of the position of the prostate in real time.

Using this method of summing up the dose, as well as taking into account the radiobiological features of the prostate tissue, we introduced a method of accelerated irradiation, which consists in simultaneous exposure to doses of different sizes on different areas of both the tumor itself and the lymph nodes. The result is a reduction in the total time of the course of radiation therapy for 2 weeks without losing the effectiveness of treatment. In this case, the frequency of complications from the bladder and rectum does not exceed the standard and does not worsen the quality of life. Treatment can be performed on an outpatient basis, without the need for hospitalization in a hospital.

We thank the specialists of the Republican cancer center: head of the radiotherapy Department Mansurova G. B, doctor-radiation oncologist Alimov Zh. M. and medical physicist Musaev D.

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